As interest rates increase and the stock market falls, more and more pundits are pushing I Bonds. So let us dig into I Bonds and why it may be an option for those looking for a return on investment as the stock market falls.
What are I Bonds?
I Bonds are savings bonds that earns interest based on combining a fixed rate and a variable inflation rate. To simplify, bonds are debt instrument issued by governments, corporations, and other entities to raise money. For the most part, bonds are issued and have a set period to mature. Over that time, interest is typically calculated based on the purchase value. In the case of I Bonds, the time to maturation is 30 years, unless you cash them first. As I Bonds are back by the US government, they are essentially risk free.
In view of the effects of inflation on interest rates and the low risk, I Bonds are very attractive in high inflation periods. For I Bonds, the interest payment increases or decreases based on the official inflation rate.
Interest Rates
I Bonds feature a combination of a fixed rate that stays the same for the life of the bond and a variable inflation rate that is set twice a year. The variable inflation rate is based on changes in the non-seasonally adjusted Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers. As far as timing, the U.S. Treasury changes the inflation rate component of I Bonds every May and November.
If you purchase a new I Bond in April or October you will get the “old” rate for the first six months of ownership, and then in the second six months of ownership, you will get the rate that was announced a month after the I Bond was purchased.
Once the interest rates are determined, interest is earned on the bond every month. The interest is compounded semiannually (twice a year: the interest the bond earned in the previous six months is added to the bond’s principal value, thereafter, the interest for the next six months is calculated using this adjusted principal.) The total interest and principal are paid out when you cash the bond.
Today, June 2022, I bonds currently have a fixed rate of 0%, but a variable inflation rate of 9.62%. I Bonds are becoming popular because where else will you get such a return currently? So how do you purchase I Bonds?
Purchasing I Bonds
Two of the easiest ways to purchase I Bonds are via the US TreasuryDirect website or via mail when you file your federal tax return. Electronically, the minimum that can be purchase is $25 via the US TreasuryDirect website and $50 via the paper route. On the other hand, the maximum that can be purchase via the US TreasuryDirect website is $10,000 total each calendar year and $5,000 total each calendar year via the paper route.
When Can You Redeem I Bonds
I Bonds earn interest for 30 years unless you cash them first. An important aspect of I Bonds is that I Bonds cannot be redeemed within a year after purchase. If you will need your funds in the next year, I Bonds may not be the best vehicle for you. Note that you can cash I Bonds after one year, however, there is a penalty. If you cash your I Bonds before five years, you lose the previous three months of interest. As an example, if you cash an I Bond after 20 months, you will only get the first 17 months of interest.
Conclusion
During this inflationary period where the stock market is correcting, it is difficult to find a financial winner. To protect your portfolio against inflation, I Bonds may be a winner, at least in the short term. I Bonds are backed by the US government, as such, there is very little risk. Further, the value of I Bonds do not go down. More importantly, I Bonds are currently offering a 9.6% return. Based on your financial position and strategy, I Bonds may be right for you.
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